Tube Vulcanization

• A tube is made of  natural rubber whose monomer is isoprene

• It has two double out of which one is used in chain formation

• The other in producing an elastomer

• The elastomer is stronger than rubber and is formed during tube vulcanized

• Production of elastomer requires heating of raw rubber in the presence of sulphur under a 

  specified pressure

   
• Sulphur forms covalent bonds, and cross-links the chains 

• This process is called vulcanization 

• More the number of cross-links produced, more will be the degree of vulcanization 

• Various vulcanized agents are used in different types of rubber 

• These agents in neoprene rubber are S, Mgo or Zno; and di-isocyanates in urethane
   rubber